One of the most common employment-based green cards is the EB-2 on account of its relatively short priority date waiting times. The requirements are attainable but can seem difficult, depending on your situation. While most applicants petition based on having an advanced degree, this may not be an option for you. Learn how to qualify for an EB-2 without an advanced degree, as well as the EB-2 NIW requirements.
Apply for an EB-2 Without a Degree with VisaNation Support
The EB-2 immigrant visa is a second preference employment-based category. The visa is intended for foreign nationals who satisfy at least one of the following:
- an advanced degree and employment offer from a U.S. company. Acceptable degrees are Master’s, Ph.D., law degree, and M.D.
- ‘exceptional ability’ in the arts, business, or sciences. The foreign national must have either an employment offer from a U.S. company or qualify under the National Interest Waiver.
- he/she is a certified physician who complies with practicing in an underserved area within the United States.
How to Get an EB-2 Without an Advanced Degree
Just because you don’t have a master’s degree or other advanced degree doesn’t mean that the EB-2 is out of reach. There are still a few other qualifications that can land you this highly sought-after immigrant visa, including demonstrating exceptional ability, having enough work experience, or being a physician in an underserved area. Let’s go through your options:
Bachelor’s Degree Plus Progressive Experience
If you don’t have a Master’s degree, you can still qualify for the EB-2 if you have a bachelor’s degree plus five years of progressive experience in your field of study.
Progressive experience means that your responsibilities increased over time, either in complexity or importance.
For example, if you began in an entry-level role and advanced into a role requiring supervision, this would count as progressive in nature.
Exceptional Ability
It is important not to confuse exceptional ability with extraordinary ability, which is a requirement for the EB-1. The requirements for the EB-1 green card mandate stricter criteria.
To qualify under Exceptional Ability without an advanced degree, the foreign national must demonstrate how superior his/her skills are compared to those of others in the field. To satisfy exceptional ability requirements, the foreign national is required to hold at least three of the following:
- A degree, or its equivalent, from a college or university; an institution within the indicated field of exceptional ability will also suffice
- A license or certification in the indicated field. It must pertain to the profession
- Documentation of full-time experience for a minimum of 10 years; the experience is required to be in the profession in which he/she is applying. Recommendation letters are accepted pieces of evidence
- Documentation of awards, achievements, and contributions to the field
- Membership in professional organizations
- Documentation of salary demonstrating exceptional ability. This typically involves using comparative data from websites like the Bureau of Labor Statistics to showcase that your salary is high relative to others in your field.
The requirement of an employment offer and a PERM Labor Certification may be waived if the applicant’s ‘exceptional ability’ is of national interest. The PERM is a facet of the Department of Labor that exists to prevent employers from taking advantage of the immigration system to replace U.S. workers with underpaid foreign workers.
It involves having your employer attest that they can and will pay the prevailing wage, and undergo a relatively extensive recruitment process to determine whether your arrival would displace any qualified U.S. workers.
Learn about EB-2 to EB-1 porting in this guide!
EB-2 Without PERM
It is possible to get an EB-2 green card without PERM. Below are two options.
EB-2 NIW Requirements
The ‘exceptional ability’ category for the EB-2 immigrant visa requires an employment offer or PERM Labor Certification, as is the case for the advanced degree category and all categories beneath the EB-3 green card.
However, if the applicant can offer a significant benefit to the United States, the employment offer and the PERM requirement may be waived through the National Interest Waiver (NIW). Additionally, this allows EB-2 NIW applicants to self-petition— something not extended to other EB-2 applicants.
This is usually a good avenue for entrepreneurs or physicians who are looking to start their own business or practice in the U.S., and so would be blocked by the job offer and PERM requirements.
To qualify under the EB-2 NIW requirements, you need to show that your work will benefit the country and be in the national interest. There are three main requirements for the NIW:
- Your work must have “substantial merit and importance”. This is a subjective requirement through which the USCIS will judge whether your work greatly benefits areas such as science, technology, education, culture, business, or health. You do not necessarily need to show that your work will have an economic benefit, but it could help.
- You must be in a position to do the work you propose. This means that you should have credentials such as education, licensing, certificates, business plans, past successes, current work progress, relevant skills, and/or overall experience in the field. The USCIS essentially wants to make sure that you are the right person to benefit the national interest.
- Lastly, you need to show that the U.S. would benefit “on balance”. What this means is that the PERM and job offer requirements serve to protect U.S. jobs and workers. Waiving that requirement for you is a sacrifice, so you must show that the U.S. benefits more from your work than it does by enforcing these requirements.
If you and your endeavor meet all three of these requirements, then you will need to gather the necessary evidence, collect letters of recommendation from colleagues or professional peers, along with your EB-2 I-140 petition. Learn more about qualifying for an EB-2 National Interest Waiver.
However, applicants should be aware that the USCIS closely monitors Exceptional Ability and National Interest Waiver cases. In the case of an NIW, it is important to note that premium processing is not available. It takes extra time to process these cases, so keep that in mind as you proceed.
EB-2 NIW for Physicians
Additionally, if you are a physician who is working in an underserved area in the U.S. or a hospital associated with the Veterans Administration for the first five years of your stay in the country, you may qualify under the EB-2 NIW requirements.
Again, this is ideal for physicians who own a practice or do not want to be subjected to the PERM process. To gain this, you will need to prove that the area is underserved and that you have made plans to work there for the first five years after obtaining your green card. You will also need to provide evidence of your licensure and your ability to command the English language.
Have additional questions pertaining to EB2 NIW requirements? Schedule a consultation with a VisaNation Law Group attorney today!
EB-2 Green Card Application Process
Just like most employment-based visas, the EB-2 green card must be sponsored by an employer. The only exception is if you qualify for a National Interest Waiver, which allows self-sponsorship.
For other subcategories, you will need to first get a job offer from a U.S. employer. After that, the employer will begin the application process by submitting a PERM Labor Certification application to the Department of Labor (DOL) and the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
The steps are as follows:
PERM Labor Certification
The first step in getting the EB-2 green card is for the employer to complete the Program for Electronic Review Management (PERM) with the DOL. This certification is used to prove that there are no qualified and willing U.S. workers available for the position.
At the same time, the process also helps determine the employer’s ability to pay the “prevailing wage” required for the job. The whole process is broken down into three stages.
First, the employer processes the prevailing wage request, which is followed by the recruitment process. The recruitment process is used to test the market by posting the job position in a major newspaper advertisement and then showing that the employer was unsuccessful in finding a qualified U.S. worker for the job. And lastly, the employer will need to apply for the PERM Labor Certification.
NOTE: If you are pursuing an EB-2 green card under the National Interest Waiver subcategory, you will not need to undergo the PERM labor certification process. You will start your application (whether by self-petition or through an employer) process by filing an I-140 petition with the USCIS.
I-140 Petition Process
Once the PERM labor certification has been approved, the employer will proceed by filing the I-140 form, which is officially known as the Immigrant Petition for an Alien Worker. This will be submitted to the USCIS. The purpose of this petition is to ask the USCIS to recognize and approve the foreign worker as someone who meets the requirements for the EB-2 employment-based immigrant visa.
The petition must be submitted along with relevant supporting documents to demonstrate that the employer and the employee qualify for the green card both as a petitioner and a beneficiary. The USCIS will use the application to determine whether the job requirements for the PERM labor application are satisfied by the applicant and will also verify if the employer has the financial ability to pay the wages offered to the employee.
Green Card Application Through Adjustment of Status or Consular Processing
Once the I-140 has been approved, the next stage is for the employee to undergo the process to receive a green card. The route to achieving this will depend on whether you are in the United States or abroad. If you are in the United States on a valid nonimmigrant status, you will have the option to file an adjustment of status petition with the USCIS. If you are outside the United States, you will need to process your immigrant visa at the U.S. embassy or consulate in your country of residence. The two routes are explained below:
Adjustment of Status
If you are in the United States, you will need to submit an I-485 form with the USCIS after the approval of the I-140 filed by your employer on your behalf. This process is called Adjustment of Status (AOS), and it allows a nonimmigrant visa holder to adjust to immigrant status and receive a green card.
However, because there is a limit to the number of EB-2 employment-based green cards that can be issued in a given year, your I-140 petition will be placed behind others whose green card applications were submitted before yours. Depending on your home country, the waiting time for this can take a few months or even several years. However, once your I-140 is approved and your AOS application is subsequently approved, you will receive your green card and become a permanent resident.
EB-2 Green Card Consular Processing
If you are outside the United States, you will need to apply for an immigrant visa at the U.S. embassy or consulate in your country of residence in a process known as green card consular processing. The National Visa Center (NVC) will notify you when there is a visa number available to you. They will also inform you as to when you must submit your processing fees and necessary supporting documents.
After payment of the fees and documentation, you will need to complete DS-260, which is the application for an immigrant visa. This will be followed by booking and attending an interview at the embassy. After the interview, you will be issued an immigrant visa to travel to the U.S. if the consular officer determines that you are eligible. With an approved valid visa, you can travel to a United States port of entry to start employment. You will receive your green card after migrating.
Processing Times for EB-2 Green Card
The overall processing time for an EB-2 without an advanced degree will depend on whether you are pursuing the NIW or other subcategories. If you qualify for an NIW, the processing time will be significantly reduced as you won’t have to undergo the PERM labor application process. Here is the breakdown of processing time for each stage of the EB-2 green card:
PERM Labor Certification Processing Times:
- Prevailing Wage Request: Approximately 3-4 months
- Recruitment Exercise: Approximately eight weeks
- ETA 9089 Form Process: 16 months
I-140 Form Processing Time: Approximately six to nine months. However, if your country has a long waiting time when it comes to priority dates, it could take several years for your priority date to become current.
I-485 Processing Time: Approximately six to twelve months
EB-2 Green Card Alternatives
There are five different employment-based immigrant visas. If you’re unable to qualify for the EB-2 without an advanced degree, you have other options to choose from.
Out of these five, the EB-1 and EB-3 are the ones closest to EB-2 in terms of requirements. However, because the EB-1 green card is at the very top in that order, it can be the most difficult to obtain and requires higher levels of eligibility criteria than the EB-2.
The good news is that the EB-3 green card has much easier-to-acquire criteria and does not necessarily require an advanced degree. With the EB-3, you are able to live and work in the United States permanently.
To qualify for EB-3 demonstrate eligibility criteria for any of these three subcategories: skilled workers, professionals, or unskilled workers. One interesting fact about the EB-3 is that none of its three subcategories requires an advanced degree. You can see the complete detailed requirements in the chart below.
|
Sub Category |
Evidence |
Certification |
|
Skilled Workers |
You must have at least 2 years of job experience or training. You must be performing work for which qualified US workers are not available. |
Labor certification and a full-time, permanent EB-3 job offer is required. |
|
Professionals |
You must be able to demonstrate that you have a U.S. baccalaureate degree or its foreign degree equivalent and that a baccalaureate degree is a normal requirement for entry into the occupation. You must be performing work for which qualified US workers are not available. Education and experience may not be substituted for a baccalaureate degree. |
Labor certification and a permanent, full-time EB-3 job offer required. |
|
Unskilled Workers (Other Workers) |
Capable of unskilled labor (under 2 years training or experience) |
Labor certification and a permanent, full-time EB-3 job offer required. |
EB-2 Alternatives
Foreign nationals who do not hold an advanced degree often turn to the EB-3 green card. The EB-3 green card is meant for workers with bachelor’s degrees, skilled workers with a minimum of two years of work experience, or unskilled workers with fewer than two years of experience.
However, the EB-3 typically incurs longer processing times because of the number of applicants. The EB-2 is generally faster—depending on your country of origin—and there is still the possibility of qualifying for the EB-2 without an advanced degree. However, you should check the latest visa bulletin to see what the priority date waiting times are for your visa category.
Frequently Asked Questions
Our immigration attorneys get asked a lot of questions and below you will answers to the most common ones.
What is needed to apply for EB-2?
You need a job offer (full-time permanent) from an employer in the U.S., as well as an approved PERM labor certification from the DOL (exceptions for the PERM if you qualify for an NIW). After meeting those qualifications, the employer will file the I-140 as well as the qualifying documents, which demonstrate exceptional ability.
What are the two subcategories of the EB-2 visa?
They are divided between the EB-2A and the EB-2B. The EB-2A is for those who hold an advanced academic degree, and also have a job offer or qualify under the National Interest Waiver requirements. The EB-2B is for those who possess exceptional ability in the arts, sciences, engineering, mathematics, business, etc.
What is the advantage of applying for the EB-2 category?
One of the main benefits is that it is typically faster to obtain than other employment-based categories because fewer people can meet the requirements, so fewer people generally apply.
What is the purpose of the labor certification process?
This is for the U.S. government to ensure that there are no other qualified and willing workers in the U.S. to fill the position.
Do I need an employment offer if I qualify under EB-2 NIW?
No, this requirement is waived if you can demonstrate that your permanent residence would be of national interest to the United States.
What’s the difference between the normal EB-2 and the EB-2 NIW?
There are several differences, but essentially, the normal EB-2 will require a job offer and Labor Certification from the DOL, while the EB-2 NIW waives the employment offer requirement and labor certification process through the Department of Labor.
Are there educational requirements for the EB-2 NIW?
Discuss with your immigration attorney if you meet the education requirements first, but the EB-2 NIW is for those who have an advanced degree (or foreign equivalent), which is a bachelor’s degree or 5 years of experience.
Alternatively, those who have exceptional abilities in the fields of math, sciences, technology, arts, business, engineering, etc., could qualify.